That'll teach you...

There's an interesting thread starting from a post by Brian at Crooked Timber, in which he notes an unfamiliar usage of 'argue that', seemingly to mean 'dispute that'. As follows:

Though few would argue that children should be protected from exposure to Internet pornography...

It's like something which always used to puzzle me when I was puzzled by it - the expression 'That'll teach you to... whatever', in which the meaning actually is that'll teach you not to... whatever. Thus:

That'll teach you to drink too much.
That'll teach you to go to bed so late.
That'll teach you to go ignoring my sound advice.

The meaning seems to be, approximately:

That'll teach you for [going and doing whichever imprudent thing it was you did].

There's a bit about this here. I wonder how far back it goes and how it originated.